Is it a Child’s Moodiness or Depression?

The causes of moodiness and depression are varied and it is often difficult for parents to determine whether their child is suffering from depression or the typical mood variations of childhood. Children, adolescents and adults respond to and adapt differently to stress. Even though many individuals cope relatively well to brief episodes of stress, long periods of stress can deplete mental and physical recourses leading to significant emotional difficulties. Stress in children may arise from learning difficulties, academic problems, a change in family dynamics, a change in school placement, loss of a close friend, developmental changes, peer pressure, social skills deficits or problems with self-control, all of which can alter the way a child interprets and interacts with the environment. Children may have more difficulty than adults with managing stress due to underdeveloped and less sophisticated coping skills.

Although depression can be manifested in a variety of ways, the signs of depression in children often mirror those seen in adults. For example, children may show a loss of interest in previously preferred activities, a decline in school performance, an increase or decrease in sleep or appetite and/or noticeable changes in social interactions. Even though moodiness is a normal part of childhood and often affects behavior, significant changes in behavior that persist for more than a few days can be an indication of depression. Sometimes it is difficult to detect underlying issues as most individuals who have depression exhibit periods where their behavior is typical. Sudden and persistent increases in temper outbursts and symptoms that simulate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (such as high levels of activity, impulsivity and difficulty with maintaining attention to tasks) may indicate childhood depression.

Children benefit from therapeutic interventions that are similar to those utilized with other age groups. For example, children can benefit from stress reduction techniques, identification and accommodation of learning deficits, self-esteem enhancement, and social skills training. Children suffering from depression sometimes benefit from the development of appropriate outlets for anger. Parents who suspect their child is suffering from depression might wish to consider a brief professional consultation to discuss theses issues and to decide whether or not the child would benefit from the development of specific strategies designed to enhance the child’s overall well-being.

Timothy Rheinscheld, Ph.D.
Consulting Psychologist